An Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Geofiber types on the Liquefaction Resistance of a Silty Sand Soil

Eren Komurlu; Atila Gurhan Celik; Haci Bayram Dogan

doi:10.14513/actatechjaur.00764

Authors

Eren Komurlu Department of Civil Engineering, Giresun University Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkiye
Atila Gurhan Celik Department of Civil Engineering, Giresun University Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkiye
Haci Bayram Dogan Department of Civil Engineering, Giresun University Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkiye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00764

Keywords:

Geofiber, Geosynthetics, Liquefaction, Micro grid fiber, Polypropylene fiber

Abstract

In this study, use of a new polypropylene geofiber type called microgrid fiber (MGF) was investigated in comparison with a conventional polypropylene fiber (PPF) product. Liquefaction resistances of saturated silty sand type soil mixes reinforced with different polypropylene type geofiber additives were investigated carrying out different laboratory scale cyclic load tests. Depending on the fiber content, liquefaction resistances of soil mixes were significantly improved using the geofiber additives. According to the results obtained from this study, the MGF type fiber increased the liquefaction resistances at higher rates in comparison with the conventional PPF product. It was assessed that MGF type novel additives can be used to supply a better adherence in soil mixes and higher reinforcement performances against the liquefaction, rather than conventional PPF products.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Ghani, S. Kumari, Insight into the effect of fine content on liquefaction behavior of soil, Geotechnical Geological Engineering 39 (2021) pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01491-3

K. Kumar, P. Samui, S.S. Choudhary, State parameter based liquefaction probability evaluation, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 9 (2023) 76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-023-00495-2

J. Yang, L.B. Liang, Y. Chen, Instability and liquefaction flow slide of granular soils: the role of initial shear stress, Acta Geotechnica 17 (2022) pp. 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-021-01200-1

P. Chakrabortty, N. Nilay, A. Das, Effect of Silt Content on Liquefaction Susceptibility of Fine Saturated River Bed Sands, International Journal of Civil Engineering 19 (2021) pp. 549–561. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-020-00574-9

G. Padmanabhan, G.K. Shanmugam, Liquefaction and reliquefaction resistance of saturated sand deposits treated with sand compaction piles, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19 (2021) pp. 4235–4259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01143-8

J. Liu, Influence of Fines Contents on Soil Liquefaction Resistance in Cyclic Triaxial Test, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 (2020) pp. 4735–4751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01323-4

J. Zhang, Q. Jiang, D. Jeng, C. Zhang, X. Chen, L. Wang, Experimental Study on Mechanism of Wave-Induced Liquefaction of Sand-Clay Seabed. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8 (2020) 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020066

S. Eswara Rao, C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy, Evaluation of liquefaction potential of subsoil strata of Visakhapatnam city based on SPT N values, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 9 (2024) 156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-024-01445-1

D.R. Kumar, P. Samui, A. Burman, Determination of Best Criteria for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential of Soil, Transp Infrastruct Geotech 10 (2023) pp. 1345–1364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00268-w

G.M. Latha, B. Lakkimsetti, Morphological Perspectives to Quantify and Mitigate Liquefaction in Sands, Indian Geotechnical Journal 52 (2022) pp. 1244–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-022-00649-5

M. Raveshi, R. Noorzad, Liquefaction analysis of sand-tire mixture with a critical state two-surface plasticity model. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 8 (2023) 285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01262-y

S. Ghani, S. Kumari, Probabilistic Study of Liquefaction Response of Fine-Grained Soil Using Multi-Linear Regression Model, Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 102 (2021) pp. 783–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-021-00555-8

J. Jin, Y. Li, H. Cui, X. Zhang, X. Xiao, X. Lv, Experimental study on the liquefaction characteristics of tailing sand under earthquake action and establishment of flow model, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13 (2020) 642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05533-1

S. Kumar, P. Muley, N.M. Syed, Soil liquefaction potential of Kalyani region, India, Indian Geotechnical Journal 53 (2023) pp. 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-022-00658-4

B. Lakkimsetti, G.M. Latha, Effectiveness of Different Reinforcement Alternatives for Mitigating Liquefaction in Sands, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 9 (2023) 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-023-00459-6

E. Komurlu, A. Kesimal, Sulfide-rich mine tailings usage for short-term support purposes: An experimental study on paste backfill barricades, Geomechanics and Engineering 9 (2) (2015) pp. 195-205. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.2.195

Sahin, K.O. Cetin, Gravelly liquefaction case histories after 2008 Wenchuan-China earthquake Mw = 7.9, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 9 (2023) 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-023-00456

Z. Xiu, S. Wang, Y. Ji, F. Wang, F. Ren, Experimental investigation on liquefaction and post-liquefaction deformation of stratified saturated sand under cyclic loading, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment 79 (2020) pp. 2313–2324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01696-8

F.K. Huang, C.C. Tsai, L. Ge, C.W. Lu, C.C. Chi, Strength variations due to re-liquefaction—indication from cyclic tests on undisturbed and remold samples of a liquefaction-recurring site, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and Environment 81 (2022) 117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02621-2

Meisina, R. Bonì, F. Bozzoni, D. Conca, C. Perotti, P. Persichillo, C.G. Lai, Mapping soil liquefaction susceptibility across Europe using the analytic hierarchy process, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 20 (2022) pp. 5601–5632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-022-01442-8

V. Rashidian, D.T. Gillins, Modification of the liquefaction potential index to consider the topography in Christchurch, New Zealand, Engineering Geology 232 (2018) pp. 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.11.010

F. Bozzoni, A. Cantoni, M.C. De Marco, C.G. Lai, ECLiq: European interactive catalogue of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction phenomena, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19 (2021) pp. 4719–4744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01162-5

A. Atterberg, Die Plastizität der Tone. Internationale Mitteilungen für Bodenkunde 1 (1911) pp. 10–43.

F.A. Andrade, H.A. Al-Qureshi, D. Hotza, Measuring the plasticity of clays: A review, Applied Clay Science 51 (2011) pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2010.10.028

B. Sharma, A. Sridharan, Liquid and plastic limits of clays by cone method, International Journal of Geo-Engineering 9 (2018) 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-018-0092-0

G.L. Fiegel, B.L. Kutter, Liquefaction mechanism for layered soils, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 120 (1994) 737. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:4(737)

S.K. Patel, B. Singh, A comparative study on shear strength and deformation behaviour of clayey and sandy soils reinforced with glass fibre, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 (2020) pp. 4831–4845. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01330-5

N. Tiwari, N. Satyam, J. Patva, Engineering Characteristics and Performance of Polypropylene Fibre and Silica Fume Treated Expansive Soil Subgrade, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 6 (2020) 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-020-00199-x

P.V. Divya, B.V.S. Viswanadham, J.P. Gourc, Influence of fibre morphology on the integrity of geofibre-reinforced soil barriers, Geosynthetics International 27 (5) (2020) pp. 460-475. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.20.00006

K. Malicki, J. Górszczyk, Z. Dimitrovová, Recycled polyester geosynthetic influence on improvement of road and railway subgrade bearing capacity— laboratory investigations, Materials 14 (2021) 7264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237264

T. Zafar, M.A. Ansari, A. Husain, Soil stabilization by reinforcing natural and synthetic fibers – A state of the art review, Materials Today: Proceedings (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.503

Khajeh, R. Jamshidi Chenari, M. Payan, A simple review of cemented non-conventional materials: soil composites, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 (2020) pp. 1019–1040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01090-x

N. Gul, B.A. Mir, Parametric study of glass fiber reinforced fine-grained soil with emphasis on microstructural analysis, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 16 (6) (2022) pp. 716-728. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2049524

S.G. Langroudi, A. Zad, A.M. Rajabi, Improvement of sandy soil to prevent hydraulic failure using BCF fibers and geotextiles, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14 (2021) 1679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07986-4

P.K. Pradhan, R.K. Kar, A. Naik, Effect of Random Inclusion of Polypropylene Fibers on Strength Characteristics of Cohesive Soil, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 30 (2012) pp. 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9445-6

C.S. Vieira, P.M. Pereira, Influence of the geosynthetic type and compaction conditions on the pullout behaviour of geosynthetics embedded in recycled construction and demolition materials, Sustainability 14 (2022) 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031207

A. Mittal, S. Shukla, Effect of geosynthetic reinforcement on strength behaviour of weak subgrade soil, Mater Sci Forum 969 (2019) pp. 225-230. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.969.225

A. Mittal, S. Shukla, Effect of geogrid reinforcement on strength, thickness and cost of low-volume rural roads, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering 14 (2020) pp. 587-598.

B. Leshchinsky, T.M. Evans, J. Vesper, Microgrid inclusions to increase the strength and stiffness of sand. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 44 (2016) pp. 170-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.08.003

M. Gu, J. Han, M. Zhao, Three-dimensional DEM analysis of single geogrid-encased stone columns under unconfined compression: a parametric study, Acta Geotechnica 12 (2017) pp. 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0547-z

M.M. Hajitaheriha, D. Akbarimehr, A. Hasani Motlagh, H. Damerchilou, Bearing capacity improvement of shallow foundations using a trench filled with granular materials and reinforced with geogrids, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 14 (2021) 1431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07679-y

M.S. Kahraman, O. Yesiltepe, Y. Turedi, M. Ornek, Experimental investigation of the ring footing bearing capacity rested on microgrid reinforced soil, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Engineering Sciences 25 (4) (2022) pp. 516-527. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1105191

A. Meddah, A.E. Goufi, K. Chaa, Effect of randomly distributed polypropylene fibers on unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, and compressibility characteristics of Algerian high plasticity clay soil. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 16 (2023) 463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11575-y

I. Kafodya, F. Okonta, Cyclic and post-cyclic shear behaviours of natural fibre reinforced soil, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 15 (9) (2021) pp. 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2019.1611720

G. Kannan, E.R. Sujatha, Effect of Nano Additive on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Soil, Journal of Natural Fibers 20 (2023) 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2143980

S. Manafi Khajeh Pasha, H. Hazarika, H. Bahadori, B. Chaudhary, Dynamic behaviour of saturated sandy soil reinforced with non-woven polypropylene fibre, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 12 (1) (2018) pp. 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2016.1250978

Y. Bai, J. Liu, Z. Song, F. Bu, C. Qi, W. Qian, Effects of Polypropylene Fiber on the Liquefaction Resistance of Saturated Sand in Ring Shear Tests, Applied Sciences 9 (2019) 4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9194078

J.P. Zachariah, R.S. Jakka, State-of-the-Art Review on Utilization of Waste Materials in the Mitigation of Soil Liquefaction, Indian Geotechnical Journal (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00853-x

ASTM INTERNATIONAL. ASTM D4318-10: Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. In: 2010 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010.

X. Zhang, A.R. Russell, Assessing liquefaction resistance of fiber-reinforced sand using a new pore pressure ratio, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146 (1) (2020) 04019125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002197

X. Zhang, Y. Zhuang, Z. Wang, C. Yang, S. Hu, Anisotropy in the Liquefaction Resistance of Fibre Reinforced Sand, Materials 16 (2023) 6959. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216959

Y. Song, Y. Geng, S. Dong, S. Ding, K. Xu, R. Yan, F. Liu, Study on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Basalt Fiber-Modified Red Clay, Sustainability 15 (2023) 4411. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054411

P. Buathong, T. Chompoorat, P. Jongpradist, X. Chen, P. Jamsawang, Effect of palm fiber reinforcement on the unconfined compressive performance of cement-treated sand, Sustainability 15 (2023) 8607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118607

C.J. Medina-Martinez, L.C. Sandoval-Herazo, S.A. Zamora-Castro, R. Vivar-Ocampo, D. Reyes-Gonzalez, Natural Fibers: An Alternative for the Reinforcement of Expansive Soils, Sustainability 14 (2022) 9275. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159275

X. Liu, S. Yan, L. Liu, Reinforcement of Silty Soil via Regenerated Fiber Polymer: A Study on Microscopic Mechanisms. Materials 16 (2023) 6741. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206741

P. Buathong, T. Chompoorat, P. Jongpradist, X. Chen, P. Jamsawang, Effect of Palm Fiber Reinforcement on the Unconfined Compressive Performance of Cement-Treated Sand, Sustainability 15 (2023) 8607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118607

J.L. Liu, T.S. Hou, Y.S. Luo, Y.X. Cui, Experimental study on unconsolidated undrained shear strength characteristics of synthetic cotton fiber reinforced soil, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38 (2020) pp. 1773–1783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01129-z

E. Komurlu E, Use of microgrid fiber as a new reinforcement additive to improve compressive and tensile strength values of cemented rock fill mixes, International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment 37 (10) (2023) pp. 760-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480930.2023.2266200

E. Komurlu, A.G. Celik, V. Karakaya, An experimental study on uniaxial compressive strength values of silicate based resin added sand samples with different types of fiber reinforcements, Yerbilimleri 45 (1) (2024) pp. 79-92. https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.1357103

H.R. Razeghi, A.S. Rad, Influence of fiber reinforcement on the ultrasonic p-wave velocity and unconfined compressive strength of cemented clay, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 10 (2024) 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-023-00516-0

Aksu Alcan, S. Çelik, The effect of different fiber reinforcement on bearing capacity under strip foundation on the sand soil: an experimental investigation, Applied Sciences 13 (2023) 9769. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179769

K. Halvax, E. Lublóy, Steel fiber reinforced concrete – shear strength, Acta Technica Jaurinensis 5 (2) (2012) pp. 149–166.

H.A. Kamiloğlu, K. Kurucu, D. Akbas, Investigating the Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Mechanical Features of a Geopolymer-Stabilized Silty Soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 28 (2024) pp. 628–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0488-z

E. Komurlu, Use of microgrid fiber as a new reinforcement additive to improve compressive strength and ductility properties of cement stabilized sands. Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal (2024). https://doi.org/10.22059/ceij.2024.376780.2064

E. Komurlu, A comparative investigation on the effect of microgrid fiber type new geosynthetics on the CBR values of a silty sand type soil. Proceedings of National Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnics 2024 (MühJeo 2024), 2024, pp. 103-110, Nevsehir, Turkey

F. Isik, R.K. Akbulut, A.S. Zaimoglu, Influence of waste toothbrush fiber on strength and freezing–thawing behavior in high plasticity clay, Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 43(1) (2021) pp. 15-21. https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2020-0006

M.D. Amare, Z. Tompai, A review on factors affecting the resilient modulus of subgrade soils, Acta Technica Jaurinensis 15 (2) (2022) pp. 99–109. https://doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00636

M. Chebbi, H. Guiras, M. Jamei, Tensile behaviour analysis of compacted clayey soil reinforced with natural and synthetic fibers: effect of initial compaction conditions, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering 24 (3) (2020) pp. 354-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1384762

Y. Gui, W.Y. Wong, C. Callage, Effectiveness and sensitivity of fiber inclusion on desiccation cracking behavior of reinforced clayey soil, International Journal of Geomechanics 22 (3) (2022) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002278

E. Komurlu, Effects of rock and granular material horizontal stresses on support design, M. Sc. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon (2012)

S. Fischer, Geogrid reinforcement of ballasted railway superstructure for stabilization of the railway track geometry–A case study, Geotextiles and geomembranes 50 (5) (2022) pp. 1036-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2022.05.005

B. Eller, M. Movahedi Rad, I. Fekete, S. Szalai, D. Harrach, G. Baranyai, D. Kurhan, M. Sysyn, S. Fischer, Examination of concrete canvas under quasi-realistic loading by computed tomography, Infrastructures 8 (2) (2023) 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8020023

S. Fischer, Evaluation of inner shear resistance of layers from mineral granular materials, Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 21 (2023) 12155. https://doi.org/10.22190/fume230914041f

Eller, S. Fischer, Application of concrete canvas for enhancing railway substructure performance under static and dynamic loads. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 23 (2025) 13326. https://doi.org/10.22190/fume241129002e

L. Ézsiás, R. Tompa, S. Fischer, Investigation of the possible correlations between specific characteristics of crushed stone aggregates, Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research, 1 (1) (2024) pp. 10-26. https://doi.org/10.31181/smeor1120242

S. Fischer, Investigation of the Settlement Behavior of Ballasted Railway Tracks Due to Dynamic Loading, Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research 2 (1) (2025) pp. 24-46. https://doi.org/10.31181/smeor21202528