Challenges of the visual line of sight operations of unmanned aerial vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00717Keywords:
unmanned aerial vehicle, UAS, UAV, visibility, beyond visual line of sight operation, droneAbstract
The following question often emerges: what is the maximum distance during a visual line of sight (VLOS) operation between the remote pilot and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)? The answer is complex, and there is no particular number because it depends on several factors that have to be jointly taken into consideration. The generally mentioned 1 km rule is not applicable for all cases. In some cases, 1 km means the absolute maximum. However, it should be considered that in certain situations, the operation can get out of the VLOS operation limits, even if obstacles and other factors do not hinder the view of the UAV.
Downloads
References
Sz. Kocsis Szürke, N. Perness, et al., A Risk Assessment Technique for Energy-Efficient Drones to Support Pilots and Ensure Safe Flying, Infrastructures, (2023), 8(4):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8040067
G. Chen, Z. Yan, et al., A Bridge Vibration Measurement Method by UAVs based on CNNs and Bayesian Optimization, Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, (2023) 9(3), 749-762. https://doi.org/10.22055/jacm.2022.41858.3823
A. Alkamachi, E. Ercelebi,, Modelling and control of h-shaped racing quadcopter with tilting propellers. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, (2017) 15(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME170203005A
M. Banić, A. Miltenović, et al., Intelligent machine vision based railway infrastructure inspection and monitoring using uav. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, (2019) 17(3), 357-364. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME190507041B
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft, Official Journal of the European Union L 152, 62. 2019. June 11. URL http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2019/947/oj
FAA regulation: Code of Federal Regulations. Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space, Subchapter F - Air Traffic and General Operating Rules, Part 107 - Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, § 107.31 Visual line of sight aircraft operation.
European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947. 2022. September. URL https://www.easa.europa.eu/downloads/110913/en
Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) Guideline: Guidance for Dimensioning of Flight Geography, Contingency Volume and Ground Risk Buffer. 2023. February. Version 1.5 URL https://www.lba.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/B/B5_UAS/Leitfaden_FG_CV_GRB_eng.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8
Joint Decree 44/2005 (6 May 2005) FVM-GKM-KvVM on aerial work in agriculture and forestry URL https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2005-44-20-82
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems, Official Journal of the European Union L 152, 62. 2019. June 11. URL http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2019/945/oj
Direct Remote ID – Introduction to the EU reopen UAS Digital Remote ID Technical Standard. 2021. Belgium Online. Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe Standardization URL https://asd-stan.org/wp-content/uploads/ASD-STAN_DRI_Introduction_to_the_European_digital_RID_UAS_Standard.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Acta Technica Jaurinensis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
