Review of the effect of sand on the behavior of expansive clayey soils

Ammar Alnmr; Richard Paul Ray

doi:10.14513/actatechjaur.00611

Authors

Ammar Alnmr Széchenyi István University, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary
Richard Paul Ray Széchenyi István University, Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00611

Keywords:

expansive soils, additive material, sand-clay mixtures, mechanical characteristics, physical properties

Abstract

Clayey soils often showed undesirable engineering behavior such as low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. However, chemical improvement, thermal improvement and improvement by additives like lime, cement and sand offer an efficient technique to overcome the problems resulting from Expansive soils. This paper presents a review of the swelling behavior of sand-clay mixtures as well as the effect of sand on the physical and mechanical characteristics of expansive soils. Results highlight the importance of sand in improving the behavior of expansive soils. Finally, the most important general conclusions about the behavior of expansive soils and suggestions for future researches are highlighted.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

L.D. Jones, I. Jefferson. Expansive soils: In: Burland, J., (ed.) ICE manual of geotechnical engineering. Volume 1, Geotechnical engineering principles, problematic soils and site investigation ICE Publishing, London, UK, 2012, pp. 413–441. URL http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17002

A. Aqeel, Investigation of expansive soils in Obhor Sabkha, Jeddah-Saudi Arabia, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 9 (4) (2016) pp. 1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2341-x

L. Chen, X. Zhao, L. Lu, The impact of initial placement conditions on the shear strength of expansive soil, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13 (4) (2016) pp. 2419–2425. doi: https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.4596

A.R. Goodarzi, H.R. Akbari, M. Salimi, Enhanced stabilization of highly expansive clays by mixing cement and silica fume, Applied Clay Science 132–133 (2016) pp. 675–684. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.08.023

J. Nelson, D.J. Miller, Expansive soils: problems and practice in foundation and pavement engineering, John Wiley & Sons,1997. URL http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/17002

M. Fuchs, Development of the classification of high swelling clay content soils of Hungary based on diagnostic approach, Ph.D. thesis, Szent István University, Hungary, Gödöllő, 2012. URL http://archivum.szie.hu/JaDoX_Portlets/documents/document_13382_section_13836.pdf

T.K. Roy, Influence of sand on strength characteristics of cohesive soil for using as subgrade of road, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 (2013) pp. 218–224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.114

H.B. Nagaraj, Influence of gradation and proportion of sand on stress-strain behavior of clay-sand mixtures, International Journal of Geo-Engineering 7 (1) (2016) pp. 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40703-016-0033-8

B.R. Phanikumar, S. Dembla, A. Yatindra, Swelling Behaviour of an Expansive Clay Blended With Fine Sand and Fly Ash, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 39 (1) (2021) pp. 583–591. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01480-6

L. Bahia, B. Ramdane, Sand: an additive for stabilzation of swelling clay soils, International Journal of Geosciences 3 (4) (2012) pp. 719–725. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.34072

Y. Deng, Z. Wu et al., Sand fraction effect on hydro-mechanical behavior of sand-clay mixture, Applied Clay Science 135 (2017) pp. 355–361.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.10.017

M. D. Foster, The Relation Between Composition and Swelling in Clays, Clays and Clay Minerals 3 (1) (1954) pp. 205–220.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1954.0030117

H. Komine, N. Ogata, Prediction for swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite, Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33 (1) (1996) pp. 11–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-021

R.K. Taylor, T.J. Smith, The engineering geology of clay minerals: swelling, shrinking and mudrock breakdown, Clay Minerals 21 (3) (1986) pp. 235–260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1986.021.3.01

F.T. Madsen, M. Müller-Vonmoos, The swelling behavior of clay, Applied Clay Science 4 (2) (1989) pp.143-156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-1317(89)90005-7

L. David Suits, T. Sheahan, W. Likos, Measurement of Crystalline Swelling in Expansive Clay, Geotechnical Testing Journal 27 (6) (2004) pp. 540–546. doi: https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11857

E.I. Stavridakis, A solution to the problem of predicting the suitability of silty–clayey materials for cement-stabilization, Geotechnical & Geological Engineering 24 (2) (2006) pp. 379–398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-004-7934-6

L. Liu, I. Neretnieks, Interaction between colloidal particles. Literature review. SKB Technical Report TR-10-26, Stockholm, Sweden, 2010 [cited 2021-05-01]. URL https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/41/103/41103173.pdf?r=1

R.N. Yong, Soil suction and soil-water potentials in swelling clays in engineered clay barriers, Engineering geology 54 (1–2) (1999) pp. 3–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00056-3

J.A. Greathouse, S.E. Feller, D.A. McQuarrie, The modified Gouy-Chapman theory: comparisons between electrical double layer models of clay swelling, Langmuir 10 (7) (1994) pp. 2125–2130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/la00019a018

A.U. Shankar, A. Chandrasekhar, P.H. Bhat, Experimental investigations on lithomargic clay stabilized with sand and coir, Indian Highways 40 (2) (2012) pp. 21–31.

V. Srikanth, A.K. Mishra, Atterberg limits of sand-bentonite mixes and the influence of sand composition, Geotechnical Characterisation and Geoenvironmental Engineering 16 (2019) pp. 139–145. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_17

V. Srikanth, A.K. Mishra, A laboratory study on the geotechnical characteristics of sand–bentonite mixtures and the role of particle size of sand, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 2 (1) (2016) pp. 1–10. doi: https://doi.org10.1007/s40891-015-0043-1

J. Yang, X. Li et al., Expansive soil improvement with weathered sand, in ICTE 2013 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Transportation Engineering (2013) pp. 2082–2087. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413159.303

F.S. Khan, S. Azam et al., Compressive strength of compacted clay-sand mixes, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (2014) pp. 1–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/921815

C. Gupta, R.K. Sharma, Influence of marble dust, fly ash and beas sand on sub grade characteristics of expansive soil, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 13 (2014) pp. 13–18.

K. Mallikarjuna Rao, G.V.R. Subba Rao, Influence of Coarse Fraction on Characteristics of Expansive Soil–Sand Mixtures, International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 4 (19) (2018) pp. 1–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-018-0136-8

Y.K. Atemimi, Effect of the grain size of sand on expansive soil, Key Engineering Materials 857 (2020) pp. 367–373. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.857.367

S.B. Ikizler, M. Aytekin, M. Vekli, Reductions in swelling pressure of expansive soil stabilized using EPS geofoam and sand, Geosynthetics International 16 (3) (2009) pp. 216–221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2009.16.3.216

C.E. Mullins, K.P. Panayiotopoulos, The strength of unsaturated mixtures of sand and kaolin and the concept of effective stress, Journal of Soil Science 35 (3) (1984) pp. 459–468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1984.tb00303.x